カナダHostpital for sick childrenの田尾嘉誉博士によるセミナーを開催します。田尾博士は、Sevan Hopyanの研究室で力に注目して3次元形態の構築について研究されており、最新の成果についてお話しいただける予定です。皆様のご来場をお待ちしています。
Date/Time
May 28, 2019 (Tue), 16:00-17:00
Place
2F Seminar Room, BioSystems Building
Speaker
Dr. Hirotaka Tao (The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada)
Title
Mechanical forces influence three-dimensionalcell behaviours in the mouse embryo
Abstract
A fundamental question in developmental biology is the how organs are shaped. Morphogenesis has long been recognised as an inherently physical process. In recent years, we have been combining data from live light sheet imaging with biophysical approaches and genetics to study solid organ primordia such as the limb buds and branchial arches in the mouse embryo. We showed how physical tissue stress is regulated by developmental pathways to orient cell rearrangements that remodel ectoderm 1,2). More recently, we tackled the challenge of 3D mesenchymal morphogenesis by generating a magnetic tweezer system to map tissue stiffness 3) and a genetically encoded FRET-based force sensor to measure cortical forces of individual cells in vivo 4). The emerging data suggest that two modes of cell movement, rearrangements and crawling, both contribute to collective mesenchymal cell movements that shape organ primordia. Our findings show that mesenchymal cell intercalations underlie volumetric convergent extension of the arch in a Wnt5a-dependent fashion. In addition, we define how tissue stiffness affects cell intercalations, and determine the biophysical functions of downstream mediators YAP and PIEZO1 4). On the other side, cell rearrangements can be considered to result from liquid-like rigidity phase properties that are determined by cellular geometries and oscillations. There is correlative evidence that cell crawling is oriented by durotaxis, or the movement of cells up a stiffness gradient. In this seminar, I show our current research and discuss our attempts to bridge collective multicellular behaviours to organ shape.
Reference
- Lau, K., Tao, H., et al., Nat Cell Biol. 17(5):569-579, 2015
- Wen, J., et al., Biophys J.115(12):2243-2450, 2017
- Zhu, M., Tao, H., et al., bioRxiv 412072, 2018
- Tao, H., et al., Nat Commun. 10:1703, 2019
Host
Hiroshi Sasaki
E-mail: sasaki[at]fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp
http://www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp/jpn/seminar/seminar/docs/fbs-seminar-sasaki-20190528.pdf
